Problems

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The function \(f (x)\) is defined on the positive real \(x\) and takes only positive values. It is known that \(f (1) + f (2) = 10\) and \(f(a+b) = f(a) + f(b) + 2\sqrt{f(a)f(b)}\) for any \(a\) and \(b\). Find \(f (2^{2011})\).

Let \(x_1, x_2, \dots , x_n\) be some numbers belonging to the interval \([0, 1]\). Prove that on this segment there is a number \(x\) such that \[\frac{1}{n} (|x - x_1| + |x - x_2| + \dots + |x - x_n|) = 1/2.\]

On a function \(f (x)\), defined on the entire real line, it is known that for any \(a>1\) the function \(f (x) + f (ax)\) is continuous on the whole line. Prove that \(f (x)\) is also continuous on the whole line.

Let \(f (x)\) be a polynomial about which it is known that the equation \(f (x) = x\) has no roots. Prove that then the equation \(f (f (x)) = x\) does not have any roots.

Method of iterations. In order to approximately solve an equation, it is allowed to write \(f (x) = x\), by using the iteration method. First, some number \(x_0\) is chosen, and then the sequence \(\{x_n\}\) is constructed according to the rule \(x_{n + 1} = f (x_n)\) (\(n \geq 0\)). Prove that if this sequence has the limit \(x * = \lim \limits_ {n \to \infty} x_n\), and the function \(f (x)\) is continuous, then this limit is the root of the original equation: \(f (x ^*) = x^*\).

Find the largest value of the expression \(a + b + c + d - ab - bc - cd - da\), if each of the numbers \(a\), \(b\), \(c\) and \(d\) belongs to the interval \([0, 1]\).

The functions \(f\) and \(g\) are defined on the entire number line and are reciprocal. It is known that \(f\) is represented as a sum of a linear and a periodic function: \(f (x) = kx + h (x)\), where \(k\) is a number, and \(h\) is a periodic function. Prove that \(g\) is also represented in this form.