Problems

Age
Difficulty
Found: 26

To each pair of numbers \(x\) and \(y\) some number \(x * y\) is placed in correspondence. Find \(1993 * 1935\) if it is known that for any three numbers \(x, y, z\), the following identities hold: \(x * x = 0\) and \(x * (y * z) = (x * y) + z\).

Prove that for any natural number \(a_1> 1\) there exists an increasing sequence of natural numbers \(a_1, a_2, a_3, \dots\), for which \(a_1^2+ a_2^2 +\dots+ a_k^2\) is divisible by \(a_1+ a_2+\dots+ a_k\) for all \(k \geq 1\).

A numeric set \(M\) containing 2003 distinct numbers is such that for every two distinct elements \(a, b\) in \(M\), the number \(a^2+ b\sqrt 2\) is rational. Prove that for any \(a\) in \(M\) the number \(q\sqrt 2\) is rational.

The numbers \(p\) and \(q\) are such that the parabolas \(y = - 2x^2\) and \(y = x^2 + px + q\) intersect at two points, bounding a certain figure.

Find the equation of the vertical line dividing the area of this figure in half.

The quadratic trinomials \(f (x)\) and \(g (x)\) are such that \(f' (x) g' (x) \geq | f (x) | + | g (x) |\) for all real \(x\). Prove that the product \(f (x) g (x)\) is equal to the square of some trinomial.

Prove that if \((p, q) = 1\) and \(p/q\) is a rational root of the polynomial \(P (x) = a_nx^n + \dots + a_1x + a_0\) with integer coefficients, then

a) \(a_0\) is divisible by \(p\);

b) \(a_n\) is divisible by \(q\).