We solve problems

Problems Methods Pigeonhole principle Pigeonhole principle (area and volume)

Leo’s grandma placed five empty plates on a square 1 metre $\times$ 1 metre table for dinner. Show that some two of these plates were less than 75 cm apart.

Problem #PRU-108995

Problems Discrete Mathematics Combinatorics Packing problems Methods Pigeonhole principle Pigeonhole principle (area and volume) Systems of points and line segments Systems of points

13–15 3.0

Prove that, in a circle of radius 10, you cannot place 400 points so that the distance between each two points is greater than 1.

Problem #PRU-32068

Problems Discrete Mathematics Combinatorics Painting problems Methods Pigeonhole principle Pigeonhole principle (area and volume)

11–13 3.0

A square area of size $100 \times 100$ is covered in tiles of size $1 \times 1$ in 4 different colours – white, red, black, and grey. No two tiles of the same colour touch one another, that is share a side or a corner. How many red tiles can there be?

Problem #PRU-32075

Problems Discrete Mathematics Combinatorics Geometry on grid paper Methods Pigeonhole principle Pigeonhole principle (area and volume) Dissections, partitions, covers and tilings Various dissection problems

12–14 4.0

One corner square was cut from a chessboard. What is the smallest number of equal triangles that can be cut into this shape?

Problem #PRU-35058

Problems Discrete Mathematics Combinatorics Dissections, partitions, covers and tilings Covers Methods Pigeonhole principle Pigeonhole principle (area and volume)

13–15 3.0

10 magazines lie on a coffee table, completely covering it. Prove that you can remove five of them so that the remaining magazines will cover at least half of the table.

Problem #PRU-35149

Problems Geometry Plane geometry Geometrical inequalities Area inequalities Methods Algebraic methods Partitions into pairs and groups; bijections Pigeonhole principle Pigeonhole principle (area and volume)

13–15 3.0

In a square which has sides of length 1 there are 100 figures, the total area of which sums to more than 99. Prove that in the square there is a point which belongs to all of these figures.

Problem #PRU-35339

Problems Geometry Solid geometry Space transformations Isometry Isometry helps solve the problem Methods Pigeonhole principle Pigeonhole principle (area and volume) Point symmetry

13–15 2.0

On the planet Tau Ceti, the landmass takes up more than half the surface area. Prove that the Tau Cetians can drill a hole through the centre of their planet that connects land to land.

Problem #PRU-58107

Problems Geometry Plane geometry Area Finding the area by rearrangment Discrete Mathematics Set theory and logic Set theory Inclusion-exclusion principle Methods Pigeonhole principle Pigeonhole principle (area and volume) Proof by contradiction

14–15 3.0

a) A square of area 6 contains three polygons, each of area 3. Prove that among them there are two polygons that have an overlap of area no less than 1.

b) A square of area 5 contains nine polygons of area 1. Prove that among them there are two polygons that have an overlap of area no less than $\frac{1}{9}$ .

Problem #PRU-65155

Problems Methods Pigeonhole principle Pigeonhole principle (area and volume)

14–16 3.0

A carpet has a square shape with side 275 cm. A moth has eaten 4 holes through it. Will it always be possible to cut a square section of side 1 m out of the carpet, so that the section does not contain any holes? Treat the holes as points.

Problem #PRU-65194

Problems Discrete Mathematics Combinatorics Dissections, partitions, covers and tilings Dissections with certain properties Methods Pigeonhole principle Pigeonhole principle (area and volume)

14–15 4.0

Every day, James bakes a square cake size $3 \times 3$ . Jack immediately cuts out for himself four square pieces of size $1 \times 1$ with sides parallel to the sides of the cake (not necessarily along the $3 \times 3$ grid lines). After that, Sarah cuts out from the rest of the cake a square piece with sides, also parallel to the sides of the cake. What is the largest piece of cake that Sarah can count on, regardless of Jack’s actions?