One of the roots of the equation \(x^2 + ax + b = 0\) is \(1 + \sqrt 3\). Find \(a\) and \(b\) if you know that they are rational.
Prove that the number \(\sqrt {2} + \sqrt {3} + \sqrt {5} + \sqrt {7} + \sqrt {11} + \sqrt {13} + \sqrt {17}\) is irrational.
For what natural numbers \(a\) and \(b\) is the number \(\log_{a} b\) rational?
Prove that for \(x \ne \pi n\) (\(n\) is an integer) \(\sin x\) and \(\cos x\) are rational if and only if the number \(\tan x/2\) is rational.
A square grid on the plane and a triangle with vertices at the nodes of the grid are given. Prove that the tangent of any angle in the triangle is a rational number.
Prove that there is at most one point of an integer lattice on a circle with centre at \((\sqrt 2, \sqrt 3)\).
\(N\) points are given, no three of which lie on one line. Each two of these points are connected by a segment, and each segment is coloured in one of the \(k\) colours. Prove that if \(N > \lfloor k!e\rfloor\), then among these points one can choose three such that all sides of the triangle formed by them will be colored in one colour.
Prove that if \((m, 10) = 1\), then there is a repeated unit \(E_n\) that is divisible by \(m\). Will there be infinitely many repeated units?
There are 4 weights and scales. How many loads that are different by weight can be accurately weighed using these weights, if
a) weights can be placed only on one side of the scales;
b) weights can be placed on both sides of the scales?
a) One person had a basement illuminated by three electric bulbs. Switches of these bulbs are located outside the basement, so that having switched on any of the switches, the owner has to go down to the basement to see which lamp switches on. One day he came up with a way to determine for each switch which bulb it switched on, descending into the basement exactly once. What is the method?
b) If he goes down to the basement exactly twice, how many bulbs can he identify the switches for?