Problems

The distance between London and Warsaw equals $1450$ km, between Warsaw and Kyiv is $680$ km. The distance from London to New Delhi, is $6700$ km and the distance from Kyiv to New Delhi is $4570$ km. What is the distance from London to Kyiv?

Show that for any three points on the plane $A,B$ and $C$, $AB\ge |BC-AC|$.

Show that if all sides of a triangle have integer lengths and one of them is equal to $1$, then the other two have lengths equal to each other.

Two villages lie on the opposite sides of a river whose banks are straight lines. A bridge is to be built over the river perpendicular to the banks. Where should the bridge be built so that the path from one village to the other is as short as possible?

Quadrilateral $ABCD$ is situated completely inside a quadrilateral $EFGH$. Prove that the perimeter of $ABCD$ is smaller than the perimeter of $EFGH$.

A billiard ball lies on a table in the shape of an acute angle. How should you hit the ball so that it returns to its starting location after hitting each of the two banks once? Is it always possible to do so?
(When the ball hits the bank, it bounces. The way it bounces is determined by the shortest path rule – if it begins at some point $D$ and ends at some point $D^{\prime }$ after bouncing, the path it takes is the shortest possible path that includes the bounce.)

There are $n$ mines and $n$ cities scattered across the land, it is known that no three objects (mines, or cities) belong to one line. Every mine has to have a rail connection to exactly one city. Railways have to be straight and cannot cross other railways. Is it always possible?

Can you cover a $10\times 10$ board using only $T$-shaped tetraminoes?

A broken calculator can only do several operations: multiply by 2, divide by 2, multiply by 3, divide by 3, multiply by 5, and divide by 5. Using this calculator any number of times, could you start with the number 12 and end up with 49?

Can you cover a $10\times 10$ square with $1\times 4$ rectangles?