Problems

There are \(n\) ambassadors, each from a different country, sitting at a round table. The flag for each country is on the table, but unfortunately the flags have been mixed up. As a result each ambassador has a wrong flag in front of them, while their flag is in front of some other ambassador. Show that you can rotate the table with the flags on it, in such a way that at least two ambassadors will have correct flags in front of them.

We have an infinitely large chessboard, consisting of white and black squares. We would like to place a stain of a specific shape on this chessboard. The stain is a bounded and connected shape with an area strictly less than the area of one square of the chessboard. Show that it is always possible to place the stain in such a way that it does not cover a vertex of any square.

What time is it going to be in \(2025\) hours from now?

Prove that the product of five consecutive integers is divisible by \(30\).

Prove that if \(n\) is a composite number, then \(n\) is divisible by some natural number \(x\) such that \(1 < x\leq \sqrt{n}\).

The natural numbers \(a,b,c,d\) are such that \(ab=cd\). Prove that the number \(a^{2025} + b^{2025} + c^{2025} + d^{2025}\) is composite.

Prove that for an arbitrary odd \(n = 2m - 1\) the sum \(S = 1^n + 2^n + ... + n^n\) is divisible by \(1 + 2 + ... + n = nm\).

Let \(ABC\) and \(A_1B_1C_1\) be two triangles with the following properties: \(AB = A_1B_1\), \(AC = A_1C_1\), and angles \(\angle BAC = \angle B_1A_1C_1\). Then the triangles \(ABC\) and \(A_1B_1C_1\) are congruent. This is usually known as the “side-angle-side" criterion for congruence.

In the triangle \(\triangle ABC\) the sides \(AC\) and \(BC\) are equal. Prove that the angles \(\angle CAB\) and \(\angle CBA\) are equal.

Point \(A\) is the centre of a circle and points \(B,C,D\) lie on that circle. The segment \(BD\) is a diameter of the circle. Show that \(\angle CAD = 2 \angle CBD\). This is a special case of the inscribed angle theorem.