Problems

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Prove that from any 27 different natural numbers less than 100, two numbers that are not coprime can be chosen.

7 different digits are given. Prove that for any natural number \(n\) there is a pair of these digits, the sum of which ends in the same digit as the number.

The function \(f (x)\) for each real value of \(x\in (-\infty, + \infty)\) satisfies the equality \(f (x) + (x + 1/2) \times f (1 - x) = 1\).

a) Find \(f (0)\) and \(f (1)\). b) Find all such functions \(f (x)\).

A council of 2,000 deputies decided to approve a state budget containing 200 items of expenditure. Each deputy prepared his draft budget, which indicated for each item the maximum allowable, in his opinion, amount of expenditure, ensuring that the total amount of expenditure did not exceed the set value of \(S\). For each item, the board approves the largest amount of expenditure that is agreed to be allocated by no fewer than \(k\) deputies. What is the smallest value of \(k\) for which we can ensure that the total amount of approved expenditures does not exceed \(S\)?

A board of size \(2005\times2005\) is divided into square cells with a side length of 1 unit. Some board cells are numbered in some order by numbers 1, 2, ... so that from any non-numbered cell there is a numbered cell within a distance of less than 10. Prove that there can be found two cells with a distance between them of less than 150, which are numbered by numbers that differ by more than 23. (The distance between the cells is the distance between their centres.)

Prove that for every natural number \(n > 1\) the equality: \[\lfloor n^{1 / 2}\rfloor + \lfloor n^{1/ 3}\rfloor + \dots + \lfloor n^{1 / n}\rfloor = \lfloor \log_{2}n\rfloor + \lfloor \log_{3}n\rfloor + \dots + \lfloor \log_{n}n\rfloor\] is satisfied.

\(a_1, a_2, a_3, \dots\) is an increasing sequence of natural numbers. It is known that \(a_{a_k} = 3k\) for any \(k\). Find a) \(a_{100}\); b) \(a_{2022}\).

Given an endless piece of chequered paper with a cell side equal to one. The distance between two cells is the length of the shortest path parallel to cell lines from one cell to the other (it is considered the path of the center of a rook). What is the smallest number of colors to paint the board (each cell is painted with one color), so that two cells, located at a distance of 6, are always painted with different colors?

A group of numbers \(A_1, A_2, \dots , A_{100}\) is created by somehow re-arranging the numbers \(1, 2, \dots , 100\).

100 numbers are created as follows: \[B_1=A_1,\ B_2=A_1+A_2,\ B_3=A_1+A_2+A_3,\ \dots ,\ B_{100} = A_1+A_2+A_3\dots +A_{100}.\]

Prove that there will always be at least 11 different remainders when dividing the numbers \(B_1, B_2, \dots , B_{100}\) by 100.

We are given 101 rectangles with integer-length sides that do not exceed 100.

Prove that amongst them there will be three rectangles \(A, B, C\), which will fit completely inside one another so that \(A \subset B \subset C\).