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Prove the equalities:

a) \(z + \overline {z} = 2 \operatorname{Re} z\);

b) \(z - \overline {z} = 2i \operatorname{Im} z\);

c) \(\overline {z} z = |z|^2\).

Let \(a, b\) be positive integers and \((a, b) = 1\). Prove that the quantity cannot be a real number except in the following cases \((a, b) = (1, 1)\), \((1,3)\), \((3,1)\).

Let \(f (x)\) be a polynomial of degree \(n\) with roots \(\alpha_1, \dots , \alpha_n\). We define the polygon \(M\) as the convex hull of the points \(\alpha_1, \dots , \alpha_n\) on the complex plane. Prove that the roots of the derivative of this polynomial lie inside the polygon \(M\).

For what values of \(n\) does the polynomial \((x+1)^n - x^n - 1\) divide by:

a) \(x^2 + x + 1\); b) \((x^2 + x + 1)^2\); c) \((x^2 + x + 1)^3\)?

a) Using geometric considerations, prove that the base and the side of an isosceles triangle with an angle of \(36^{\circ}\) at the vertex are incommensurable.

b) Invent a geometric proof of the irrationality of \(\sqrt{2}\).

Let \(z_1\) and \(z_2\) be fixed points of a complex plane. Give a geometric description of the sets of all points \(z\) that satisfy the conditions:

a) \(\operatorname{arg} \frac{z - z_1}{z - z_2} = 0\);

b) \(\operatorname{arg} \frac{z_1 - z}{z - z_2} = 0\).

Find the largest and smallest values of the functions

a) \(f_1 (x) = a \cos x + b \sin x\); b) \(f_2 (x) = a \cos^2x + b \cos x \sin x + c \sin^2x\).

Prove the formulae: \(\arcsin (- x) = - \arcsin x\), \(\arccos (- x) = \pi - \arccos x\).