Peter plays a computer game “A bunch of stones.” First in his pile of stones he has 16 stones. Players take turns taking from the pile either 1, 2, 3 or 4 stones. The one who takes the last stone wins. Peter plays this for the first time and therefore each time he takes a random number of stones, whilst not violating the rules of the game. The computer plays according to the following algorithm: on each turn, it takes the number of stones that leaves it to be in the most favorable position. The game always begins with Peter. How likely is it that Peter will win?
There are two symmetrical cubes. Is it possible to write some numbers on their faces so that the sum of the points when throwing these cubes on the upwards facing face on landing takes the values 1, 2, ..., 36 with equal probabilities?
In the first term of the year Daniel received five grades in mathematics with each of them being on a scale of 1 to 5, and the most common grade among them was a 5 . In this case it turned out that the median of all his grades was 4, and the arithmetic mean was 3.8. What grades could Daniel have?
There are fewer than 30 people in a class. The probability that at random a selected girl is an excellent student is \(3/13\), and the probability that at random a chosen boy is an excellent pupil is \(4/11\). How many excellent students are there in the class?
The figure shows the scheme of a go-karting route. The start and finish are at point \(A\), and the driver can go along the route as many times as he wants by going to point \(A\) and then back onto the circle.
It takes Fred one minute to get from \(A\) to \(B\) or from \(B\) to \(A\). It also takes one minute for Fred to go around the ring and he can travel along the ring in an anti-clockwise direction (the arrows in the image indicate the possible direction of movement). Fred does not turn back halfway along the route nor does not stop. He is allowed to be on the track for 10 minutes. Find the number of possible different routes (i.e. sequences of possible routes).
\(A\) and \(B\) shoot in a shooting gallery, but they only have one six-shot revolver with one cartridge. Therefore, they agreed in turn to randomly rotate the drum and shoot. \(A\) goes first. Find the probability that the shot will occur when \(A\) has the revolver.
In a box of 2009 socks there are blue and red socks. Can there be some number of blue socks that the probability of pulling out two socks of the same colour at random is equal to 0.5?
Gabby and Joe cut rectangles out of checkered paper. Joe is lazy; He throws a die once and cuts out a square whose side is equal to the number of points that are on the upwards facing side of the die. Gabby throws the die twice and cuts out a rectangle with the length and width equal to the numbers which come out from the die. Who has the mathematical expectation of the rectangle of a greater area?
An exam is made up of three trigonometry problems, two algebra problems and five geometry problems. Martin is able to solves trigonometry problems with probability \(p_1 = 0.2\), geometry problems with probability \(p_2 = 0.4\), and algebra problems with probability \(p_3 = 0.5\). To get a \(B\), Martin needs to solve at least five problems, where the grades are as follows \((A+, A, B, C, D)\).
a) With what probability does Martin solve at least five problems?
Martin decided to work hard on the problems of any one section. Over a week, he can increase the probability of solving the problems of this section by 0.2.
b) What section should Martin complete, so that the probability of solving at least five problems becomes the greatest?
c) Which section should Martin deal with, so that the mathematical expectation of the number of solved problems becomes the greatest?
According to the rules of a chess match, the winner is declared to be the one who has beaten their opponent by two defeats. Draws do not count. The probability of winning for both rivals is the same. The number of successful games played in such a match is random. Find its mathematical expectation.